In this course · 4 of 6
Course 8
Sign off the results
6 lessons · 6 min
- 1What is the management representation letter, and must I sign it?
- 2What are audit adjustments, and why would the auditor change my accounts?
- 3What are the types of audit opinion in Hong Kong and what do they mean?
- 4How does a qualified audit report affect bank loans and IRD?
- 5What is going concern in an audit and what happens if there is doubt?
- 6What are the directors' responsibilities for the accounts, and the auditor's?

The short answer
It signals that the accounts may not be reliable, so lenders often ask questions, price risk higher or decline. IRD requires certified audited statements with the return and may query the accounts when the opinion is modified.
Banks and other users A qualified, adverse or disclaimed opinion tells readers that part or all of the accounts cannot be relied upon. Lenders commonly respond by asking for explanations, security or updated management accounts, and some decline. Credit policies vary by bank, so this is a practical observation, not a legal rule.
IRD
- The BIR51 notes require a certified copy of the audited financial statements. IRD's FAQ says unsigned auditor's reports and uncertified financial statements are not accepted.
- The assessor can query the accounts and the basis of the profit figure, so expect more questions.
Companies Ordinance A modified report is still a valid audit report. Auditors must report if records were inadequate or information was not obtained (s.407), and offences apply to untrue statements in the report (s.408).
Common causes you can avoid
- Missing bank statements or unreconciled accounts.
- Undocumented director loans.
- Stock not counted or not supported.
- Late replies to the auditor.
What to do Ask the auditor what would remove the qualification, fix the cause, and in future years provide the evidence in time.
Legal basis and sources
The law
- Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622), ss.407-408
- HKSA 705
General information for business owners, not legal, tax or professional advice. Rules change, so check the sources or ask a licensed professional before you act.
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